Bayesian inference

Modern approaches to making decisions about concepts, models and parameters based on partial information require that you make the underlying assumptions explicit. This is key, for example, to understanding where the ideal gas law, equipartition, and mass-action work well, and to figuring out what to do when they don't.

It might help folks put political broadcast and pedagogical strategies to better use as well.  What kind of entries would you put into a table which outlines important assumptions that folks make everyday, as well as where those assumptions do and don't apply?

A sample table of this sort follows, to perhaps inspire your ideas:

Bayesian inference in political media

Concept	Assumption	Application Area
focus bandwidth on who's boss	leader choice solves problems	social hierarchy is a key for only select vertebrates
dollars spent is value lost	financial value is conserved	the household scale but not the national scale
treat unbelievers as inhuman	idea-pools always serve humans	may help only if unbelievers are few & can't hear
vote makes right	consensus is well-informed	only w/both incentives & time to update awareness
you're measured by your finances	all means to money are of value	this works in worlds w/o ways to prey on communities